1. Prerequisites

Before you start, ensure the following:

• PHP is installed on your server or localhost (e.g., XAMPP, WAMP, or LAMP).
• MySQL server is running, and you have access credentials (host, username, password, and database name).

Click: https://phpgurukul.com/connect-php-mysql-database/

2. Basic PHP-MySQL Connection Setup

Below is the typical structure to connect PHP with MySQL using the mysqli extension:

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<?php
// Database configuration
$host = "localhost";      // Host name (usually 'localhost')
$username = "root";        // MySQL username
$password = "";            // MySQL password (leave empty for localhost setup)
$database = "test_db";     // Database name

// Create a connection
$conn = new mysqli($host, $username, $password, $database);// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>

3. Explanation of the Code

• $host: The server name where your MySQL database is hosted (usually 'localhost' for development).
• $username and $password: The credentials used to access the database.
• $database: The name of the database you want to connect to.
• new mysqli(): Creates a new connection object using the provided parameters.
• $conn->connect_error: Checks if there was an error during connection.

4. Handling Connection Errors Gracefully

Instead of halting the script abruptly with die(), you can handle errors more gracefully using:

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<?php
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    echo "Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error;
} else {
    echo "Connected successfully";
}
?>

5. Making Queries (CRUD Operations)

Once connected, you can interact with the database. Here’s a quick example to insert data into a table:

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$sql = "INSERT INTO users (username, email) VALUES ('john_doe', 'john@example.com')";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
    echo "New record created successfully";
} else {
    echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}

6. Closing the Connection

Always close the connection once you’re done to free up resources:

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$conn->close();

7. Full Working Example

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<?php
$host = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$database = "test_db";

$conn = new mysqli($host, $username, $password, $database);if ($conn->connect_error) {
    echo "Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error;
} else {
    echo "Connected successfully<br>";    $sql = "INSERT INTO users (username, email) VALUES ('john_doe', 'john@example.com')";
    if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
        echo "New record created successfully";
    } else {
        echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
    }    $conn->close();
}
?>

8. Alternative: PDO Connection

PDO (PHP Data Objects) offers a more secure and flexible way to connect with MySQL. Here’s an example:

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<?php
try {
    $conn = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test_db", "root", "");
    $conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
    echo "Connected successfully"; 
} catch(PDOException $e) {
    echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
}
?>

Conclusion

This guide introduces both mysqli and PDO for connecting PHP with MySQL. Use mysqli for simplicity and PDO when you need enhanced security and support for multiple databases.

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