Seit es Mobilfunk gibt, haben sich unzählige Wissenschaftler mit den gesundheitlichen
Auswirkungen elektromagnetischer Strahlung beschäftigt. Millionen von Euro flossen in
Forschungsprogramme und Elektrosmog wurde an Runden Tischen der
Weltgesundheitsorganisation und dem Bundestag thematisiert. Dabei dreht sich beim
Thema Handystrahlung vieles um den sogenannten SAR-Wert. Doch was verbirgt sich
hinter dem Begriff?
Was ist unter dem SAR-Wert zu verstehen?
Dieser Wert beschreibt die Energierate, mit welcher elektromagnetische Felder von
biologischem Gewebe absorbiert bzw. aufgenommen werden. Das Kürzel steht für
Spezifische Absorptionsrate. Entwickelt wurde das Messverfahren von der CENELEC
(Europäisches Komitee für elektrotechnische Standardisierung) im Jahr 2001. Gemessen
wird der Wert in der Einheit Watt pro Kilogramm (W/kg). Auf Veranlassung des
Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit sind Hersteller von
Mobiltelefonen verpflichtet, den SAR-Wert bekanntzugeben. Um die Angaben zur SAR
miteinander vergleichbar zu machen, hat das Komitee dieses Messverfahren in der
Europäischen Norm EN 50361 standardisieren lassen. Seither ist vorgeschrieben, dass in
der gesamten Europäischen Union ein Grenzwert von 2,0 Watt pro Kilogramm nicht
überschritten werden darf. Dies ist die Leistung, die ein Handy bei höchster Sendeleistung
während eines Telefonats in den menschlichen Kopf ausstrahlen darf. Wer großen Wert
auf besonders umweltschonende Geräte legt, sollte auf das Kennzeichen “Blauer Engel”
achten. Ist dieses vorzufinden, so liegt der SAR-Wert für das Produkt bei höchstens 0,6 W/
kg.
So wird der SAR-Wert gemessen
Um die SAR messen zu können, bedienen sich die Wissenschaftler einer 2 mm starken
Kunststoffschale in Form eines Schädels, welche mit einer bestimmten Flüssigkeit gefüllt
ist. Anhand der Flüssigkeit wird es möglich, die elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften des
Kopfgewebes zu simulieren. Das Handy wird anschließend, sobald es mit maximaler
Leistung sendet, an das “Ohr” dieses Schalenkopfes gelegt. Nun wird die Verteilung der
SAR in der Flüssigkeit anhand einer Sonde ermittelt. Schließlich werden die maximalen
und gemittelten SAR-Werte berechnet und mit dem Grenzwert abgeglichen.
Distanz zum Sendemast als ausschlaggebendes Merkmal
Einst wurde der Wert für das GSM-Netz definiert. Für das Mobilfunknetz der dritten
Generation (UMTS) sind bislang hingegen keine besonderen Grenzwerte festgelegt
worden. Werden für beide Netze verschiedene Strahlungswerte gemessen – was häufig
der Fall ist – ist lediglich der jeweils höhere SAR-Wert ausschlaggebend. Bei der
Ermittlung des SAR-Werts wird gemäß EN 50361 grundsätzlich auf die maximale
Sendeleistung abgestellt. Demzufolge liegt die realistische Strahlung regelmäßig deutlich
unterhalb des angegeben SAR-Werts, da die Mobilfunknetze die Fähigkeit besitzen, die
Leistung dynamisch dem jeweiligen Bedarf anzupassen. Konkret hängt die tatsächliche
Energierate von zahlreichen Faktoren ab, insbesondere von der Entfernung zum
Sendemast und der Umgebung. Befindet sich ein Handy weit vom nächsten Sendemast
entfernt, muss es seine Leistung aufdrehen und die Strahlenbelastung nimmt zu. Ebenso
verhält es sich in geschlossenen Räumlichkeiten. Bei kurzer Distanz fährt das Gerät
hingegen seine Leistung automatisch herunter.
Wie gesundheitsschädlich sind Handys wirklich?
Seit vielen Jahren wird die Wechselwirkung von Funkwellen bzw. Elektrosmog mit dem
menschlichen Körper national und international untersucht. Ob hohe SAR-Werte eines
Handys tatsächlich die Gesundheit schädigen kann, ist noch nicht abschließend geklärt.
Von den weltweit 25.000 Studien zur Wirkung elektromagnetischer Felder befassen sich
rund 5.000 speziell mit der Strahlenbelastung von Handys. Eine eindeutige langfristige
Gesundheitsgefährdung durch hochfrequente elektromagnetische Strahlung unterhalb des
SAR-Grenzwerts konnte bislang keine Untersuchung eindeutig nachweisen. Dies mag
jedoch zum Teil daran liegen, dass derart leistungsstarke Mobilfunknetze noch nicht so
lange existieren. Fakt ist aber auch, dass die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) im
Rahmen ihrer Studien ein Krebsrisiko durch Handys und Elektrosmog nicht ausschließen
konnte ( Link: Hirntumor-Urteil durch Handy (https://igef.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/091210-EMF-Urteil-Brescia-urteil-marcolini-ubersetzung.pdf)). Es kann auch nicht mit absoluter Sicherheit
behauptet werden, dass Handystrahlung und Elektrosmog langfristig gar keine
gesundheitlichen Schäden mit sich bringe. Nicht wenige Wissenschaftler, so etwa die
Österreichische Ärztekammer (ÖÄK) und die Schweizer Ärztevereinigung FMH, sind seit
vielen Jahren davon überzeugt, dass die Mobilfunknutzung gesundheitsgefährdend ist.
Aus dem selben Grund hat Polens zweitgrößte Stadt Krakau erste Maßnahmen ergriffen,
um den eigenen Elektrosmog zu reduzieren. Auf Schulen und Krankenhäusern in Indien
wurden Antennen sogar ganz verboten. Einige Experten empfehlen zumindest die
Nutzung von Headsets, um das Gros der Strahlungseinwirkung auf den Kopf durch die
Distanz zu reduzieren.
( Link: Ärzte-Meinungen zur Handystrahlung (http://www.elektrosmog.com/mobilfunk-risiken-und-schutz/wissenschaftler-und-aerzte-warnen))
Quelle: http://www.elektrosmog.com/handystrahlung/sar-wert/bedeutung
Kontakt
Karl Sohlmann
Karl sohlmann
Siemensstraße 33
12247 Berlin
03074693923
mail@slokal.com
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